Mountain Biking Blog

The mobile elbow results from using the mobile for long hours. Called the 'cubital tunnel syndrome', it is also called cell phone elbow'. The problem occurs when the ulnar nerve, which runs across the elbow, down to the ring and little fingers, gets over-stretched and blood supply is restricted, sparked by holding a phone to the ear for long periods.

WHY DOES STEEL GLOW WHEN IT'S HOT?

Hot steel glows red when hot because its atoms vibrate with a lot of energy. The amount of energy varies in atoms re- sulting in a range of colours.

WHAT DOES JANUARY MEAN?

The original Roman calendar had 10 named months from March to December and two unnamed months during winter. These two months were named January and February by Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome circa 700 BC. January is named after Janus, the Roman 'god of gates, doors and the beginnings'.

WHAT'S THE AAFBAU PRINCIPLE?

The physical and chemical properties of elements are determined by the atomic structure. This, in turn, is determined by electrons and the shells, sub-shells and orbitals they reside in. The rules of placing electrons within shells is known as the Aafbau principle, which originally means 'building up'.

WHAT IS CHAPTER 11 BANKRUPTCIES IN THE US?

A case filed under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection is commonly referred to as a 'reorganization or restructuring bankruptcy'. Chapter 11 is a part of the US Bankruptcy Code under which an insolvent company is allowed to reorganize and is not liquidated. It is not shut down and sold off.

WHY DOES THE JASMINE BLOOM ONLY AT NIGHT?

Like all other flowering plants, jasmine also produces a flower inducing hormone in its leaves when exposed to bright sunlight. This hormone is called florigen (flower-generating hormone) and it migrates from the leaves to flowering shoots during the day. It accumulates in the flowering shoots of the jasmine plant and induces flowering during the night.

WHAT IS A ROMAN CIRCUS?

It was an open air stadium used for public events in the Roman empire, empire. The events usually held in such a circus were chariot and horse races and performances commemorating historical events. The performance space would be rectangular or oval surrounded by several tiers of seats for spectators. The circus would be decorated with ornate columns, obelisks and statues. The first circus built in Rome was the Circus Maximus which also happened to be its largest.

WHAT DOES THE PHRASE 'CHICKEN OUT' MEAN?

To chicken out is to stop doing something because of fear or lose courage while doing something. Sometimes, it is also used to ask a person, "Are you chicken?" or even as "Jack chickened out..." The chicken is a timid bird, which also gave rise to 'chicken-hearted'.

WHAT IS CONTACT SCRAPING?

Social networking has brought about a new trend called contact scraping, where an online company with access to a person's mail account goes through the contact list and sends out an invitation to all to join the site. Once a person enters his/her credentials, like user name or password, the company sweeps through the contact list. The company gets free publicity and widens its user base, but could put the person concerned in an embarrassing and annoying situation, especially when there are friendly mails from strangers in return.

HOW ARE DEEMED UNIVERSITIES DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS?

Ordinary universities are officially approved by the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India as per the latter's guidelines for the universities' overall supervision and administration. 'Deemed university' is a term indicative of status of autonomy granted to high performing institutes and departments of various universities. Such status enables deemed universities not only full autonomy in setting course work, syllabus and research centres, but also allows it to set it's own guidelines for admission, fee and instructions to students. Parent universities have no control over deemed universities in matters of overall administration.

WHY IS SEA WATER VERY HIGH IN SALT CONTENT?

The average salinity of sea water is about 3.5%. One cubic mile of sea water contains 166 million tonne of salt. The salts of the sea come from the breaking up of rocks and gradual wearing away of mountains releasing salts that are washed down by rainwater. It is estimated that more than 400 million tonne of dissolved salts are brought to the sea every year by 27,000 cubic km of water. The second source of salt is rocks beneath the ocean bed. There has been a constant slow addition of sea salinity due to evaporation from the ocean surface, combined by discharge from land.

WHAT IS A CHEMICAL BOND? HOW IS IT FORMED?

A chemical bond is one in which atoms of different or same elements combine to become stable. There are two types of chemical bonds —electro-valent bond and covalent bond. In an electrovalent bond, a metal donates an electron to a non-metal and forms the bond. Such bonds are very strong. A covalent bond is formed between non-metals only. These are easy to break.

IS RAIN WATER COMPLETELY PURE?

Rain water is considered the purest form of water. Impurities and salts present in water on earth are left behind during vaporisation by the sun. However, the rain water we receive on earth is not necessarily pure, as it brings down impurities and particles present in the atmosphere along with it.

WHAT IS 'THE MAGIC OF SCHEHERAZADE'?

The Magic of Scheherazade is a game for the Nintendo Entertainment System released by Culture Brain in 1989. It is the translation of the 1987 Famicom game Arabian Dream Scheherazade. The game was innovative for its time, incorporating elements of adventure and RPG styles.

WHAT IS FUNEMPLOYMENT?

'Funemployment' came into being with the recession, when people began losing jobs. It means unemployed individuals making use of the break to enjoy their free time — travel, take up physical activity and have a good time but at little cost. They may not have been able to do this earlier. The funemployed are young people who have few responsibilities and commitments and can afford a break. They also use the time to find another job, but don't spend time worrying about it.

WHAT IS MEDIAWIKI?

A wiki is a web application that allows users to create and edit web page content using a web browser. The term wiki also refers to the collaborative software used to create such a website. Mediawiki is a wiki software package licensed under the GNU General Public License, making it free and open source software. This Mediawiki software is used to run the popular web encyclopaedia Wikipedia, besides all projects of Wikimedia, wikis hosted by Wikia, and many other wikis.

WHY DON'T THE TEETH OF ANIMALS DECAY THOUGH THEY NEVER BRUSH THEIR TEETH?

According to WHO, decaying of teeth is a localized, post-eruptive pathologic external process, involving hard tooth tissue and formation of cavities. There is demineralization of teeth by acids produced in the oral environment, due to action of oral acidogenic bacteria on carbohydrates found in cooked food and drinks. Animals are either herbivorous or carnivorous or both, and survive on uncooked, raw food, rich in fibre, which needs a lot of chewing to digest, thereby cleansing the teeth naturally It is like brushing teeth and massaging gums the natural way But tooth decay is common in pets like dogs, which eat cooked food and junk food like biscuits etc.

WHICH IS THE BIGGEST STAR?

The biggest star found till date is Vy Canis Majoris, in the constellation of Canis Major. It is a red supergiant and one of the most luminous stars, 5,000 light years away from the earth with a radius of 1,800-2,100 times that of the sun. It is so large that its surface extends beyond the orbit of Saturn, were it placed in our solar system. Even light would take eight hours to complete its circumference. Though it is great, it is relatively cool, with a surface temperature of 3500 Kelvin.

WHICH IS THE WORLD'S SLEEPIEST ANIMAL?

The sleepiest animal, considered by the average number of hours of sleep a day is the koala, an arboreal animal with the scientific name Phascclarctos Cinerus, found only in Australia. Though it resembles a teddy bear, scientifically it is close to kangaroos, because it carries its young in a pouch. It lives mostly on eucalyptus trees, sleeping in the fork for 19-22 hours a day

WHAT IS THE GOLDEN ANGLE?

The golden angle separates the florets of a sunflower. Ills an approximation, since three golden arcs add up to slightly more than enough to make a circle. One of the old leaves overlaps and is pushed out in a radial line. This makes space in the inner system for a new leaf to form. New leaves move into the spaces opened as old leaves diverge.

WHO IS CALLED A DIGITAL NOMAD?

A person who works on the move is called a digital nomad. Such a worker may or may not be on the rolls of a company, and could he a consultant/freelancer/a writer on the move. They are persons with a free spirit who like a remote lifestyle and earn as they move, and believe that with discipline and the correct technology, they can be as productive as a person sitting in office. This is new tribe of people and for them, the economic downturn has brought little distress as companies turn to part-timers to save on costs.

WHAT IS A BLACK BLIZZARD?

During the drought of the 1930s in America, with no natural anchors in place, the soil dried, turned to dust and blew eastward and southward in large dark clouds. They blackened the sky and reached all the way to East Coast cities such as New York and Washington DC. Much of the soil ended up as deposits in the Atlantic Ocean, and were called 'Black Blizzards' and 'Black Rollers', and reduced visibility to a few feet. The Dust Bowl or Dirty Thirties —1930-36 and even up till 1940 — were caused by drought and decades of extensive farming without crop rotation.

WHY DO NEWSPAPERS PRINT A COMBINATION OF FOUR DOTS —BLUE, PINK, YELLOW, BLACK— AT THE BOTTOM OF EACH PAGE

The four dots — blue (cyan), pink (magenta), yellow and black are registration marks used during printing to help ensure the print is aligned properly In offset printing technology which newspapers use, the inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface. These primary colours go into printing a multi-coloured image and have separate plates. Each plate has its individual mark, like the colour dot.

ON WHAT BASIS ARE PINCODES DISTRIBUTED?

A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or postal code system used by India Post. It's sixdigits long, and was introduced on August 15,1972. There are nine PIN zones in India. The first digit of the PIN code indicates the region in which a given post office falls, the second digit the sub-region, the third the sorting district. The final three digits are assigned to individual post offices.

WHO FOUNDED YOUTUBE?

Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim, all early employees of PayPal, founded YouTube. Hurley studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, while Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. It was founded on February 15,2005. In Sfovember 2006, YouTube, LLC, was bought by Google me. for $1.65 billion, and is now operated as a subsidiary of Google.

WHAT IS DERVISH MUSIC?

Dervish word originates from the Turkish word 'darvis', meaning poor or mendicant. Dervish music began among Muslim religious groups, known for their practice of energetic dancing, whirling, chanting or singing.

WHAT IS A BOOMBURB?

Aboomburb is a booming suburb or satellite townships dreamt up by developers. It gives an idea of wealth, a boom. Boomburg is a similar term. These suburbs are usually not complete towns — though they are self-sufficient.

HOW ARE ELECTRIC PYLONS PLACED ACROSS MOUNTAINS TO TRANSMIT ELECTRICITY?

Electric pylons are tall supports— made of galvanized steel lattice, steel tube or wood — used for power line construction. In normal terrain, they are assembled on the site. In mountainous regions, helicopters are used for power line construction, which are efficient but expensive. In the aerial construction method, the entire structure is pre-assembled and shifted in helicopters.

WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE TERM 'CASH COW'?

Management guru Peter F Drucker coined the term in the mid-1960s to describe a business or product line with a large market share in a stagnant or declining market. It can yield profits reliably for some years without further investment and little maintenance. The term also has its origin in a matrix developed by Boston Consulting Group, in which enterprises have po sitions in either a growing or shrinking market, and either a growing or shrinking total market share.

WHAT ARE PERSEIDES?

The word Perseides is found in Greek mythology and refers to the descendants of Perseus — the name of a prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Swift-Tuttie. They are so called because they appear to come from the constellation Perseus. This shower is visible from midJuly each year, with peak activity between August 9 and 14, and is sometimes referred to as the "tears of St Lawrence", as August 10 is the saint's martyrdom.

WHAT ARE JACK-O-LANTERNS?

They are carved pumpkins with lights inside commonly seen on Halloween night. The top of the pumpkin is cut off, the inside flesh scooped out and a face carved on its surface. These are used partly for fun and partly believing that they represent the souls of departed elders who protect houses from evil spirits. Ac cording to an Irish folk tale, the soul of a dishonest farmer called Jack wanders the earth burning amber inside a vegetable. The Jack-o-lantern is supposed to have been named after him.

WHAT IS QUASI-RESONANCE?

A 'quasi-resonant' DC to DC converter with zero-current and zero-voltage switching includes a transformer with primary and secondary windings, and periodic switching means connected in series with the primary winding. The topology of the converter is determined by selecting an input capacitor with a capacitance much lower than the output capacitor.

WHO IS AN EXCEPTOR?

An exceptor is a person who chooses to eat meat on special occasions. A vegetarian by habit, the exceptor makes exceptions for days like weddings, festivals and celebrations. After the vegan,eggetarian and flexitarian, it is the exceptor who is basically vegetarian, but makes changes in diet to suit the occasion.

WHAT IS THIGMOTROPISM?

Thigmotropism is the growth of a plant around a support. Tropism is a phenomena by which a plant, usually climber like money plant and ivy, responds to a stimulus. Stems of the pea plant, for instance, are weak and have coil-like structures called tendrils. When tendrils approach a support (stick), a phytohormone called auxin is released in the side of the tendril away from the support. Auxin, a growth hormone, elongates the cells of that portion and makes it strong. The other portion, devoid of auxin, becomes weak and coils around the support.

WHY DO THE EYES OF SOME ANIMALS GLOW IN THE DARK?

Some animals have a special, reflective surface right behind their retinas, called the tapeturn lucidum, which helps animals see better in the dark. When light enters the eye, it hits a photoreceptor that transmits the information to the brain. But sometimes light doesn't hit the photoreceptor, so the tapetum lucidum acts as a mirror to bounce it back for a second chance.

WHY DON'T WE FEEL THE TONES OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE?

Atmospheric pressure, which is about 1 kg per'sqcm of area, presses down on our body from all sides, but we don't feel it as it is balanced by fluid pressure from inside our body We can feel the difference during rainy season or when we go. to places where atmospheric pressure is less, like hill stations, where due to higher fluid pressure, blood oozes out in blood vessels, making the skin over those pink. The reverse happens under water.

WHY DO FOOD PACKAGES CARRY KCAL WHEN THEY ACTUALLY SPECIFY CALORIES AND NOT KILO-CALORIES?

Kilocalories are commonly known as calories and abbreviated as kcal. One calorie (Kcal) has the same energy value as 4.186 kilojpules-(kJ), while one kilojoule is equivalent to 0.24 calories. One calorie contains the amount of energy that raises the temperature of one litre of water by 1 degree Celsius.

WHAT IS SPIDER SILK?

Spider silk, also known as gossamer, is a protein fibre spun by spiders. Spiders use their silk to make webs. They can also suspend themselves using it. Many small spiders use silk threads for ballooning, the scientific term for the dynamic kiting spiderlings (mostly) used for dispersal. They extrude several threads into the air and let themselves get carried away with upward winds.

WHAT IS A SICK-OUT?

A sick-out is concerted action by a group of employees, who call in sick to protest against the company and its policies. It is meant to hold the company to ransom. In ordinary language, it is a strike to show the power they hold over the company's working. It is a slightly more devious method than taking to the streets openly and raising slogans. Employees hope to put pressure on the company and force it to meet their demands.

WHAT IS UNBREAKABLE GLASS MADE OF, AND IS IT REALLY UNBREAKABLE?

The presence of micro cracks on the glass surface (called Griffith's micro cracks) makes glass breakable under tension or impact. Such micro cracks are unavoidable as the glass surface comes under tension while cooling from a high temperature into various shapes. However, one can increase its impact resistance by various methods, so it can withstand even the impact of a bullet. The idea is to remove the surface micro cracks by chemical etching, or putting the glass surface under compression by physical or chemical toughening. One can even laminate two such toughened glass plates with resin in-between. These glasses are unbreakable, but when the threshold value is very high, it eventually breaks or cracks.

WHAT IS UNIVERSAL TIME COORDINATED?

Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) is a time standard based on International Atomic Time with leap seconds added at irregular intervals to compensate for the Earth's slowing rotation. A leap second is a positive or negative one-second adjustment to the UTC scale that keeps it close to Mean Solar Time at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. The difference between UTC and Mean Solar Time is not allowed to exceed 0.9 seconds, so if high precision is not required, the general term Universal Time may be used. Time zones are expressed as positive or negative offsets from UTC. While each day contains 24 hours and each hour 60 minutes, the number of seconds in a minute can be 60,61 or 59.

HOW DO SENSOR DOORS WORK?

Sensor doors use motion sensors or presence sensors. The first are used to activate the door when it detects a moving object, such as a pedestrian or shopping cart. Motion sensors can distinguish between objects moving toward the door or away from it. They use microwave technology and utilize the Doppler Effect principle. The sensors emit a high frequency microwave signal — when the wave encounters a moving object, it bounces back and its frequency changes in proportion to the object's speed; Presence sensors detect both moving and non-moving objects in the path of the door. Presence sensors use infrared technology — they emit an invisible pulsed light signal. The receiver looks for the reflected signal and reacts.

WHAT IS WEISURE?

Weisure time is when work is done during leisure time. With the line between work and leisure blurring thanks to online work and smartphones, a new work-life culture has been created. Sociologist Dalton Conley coined this word, having observed that 9-5 jobs are giving way to this new lifestyle.

WHO DISCOVERED COMETS? HOW IS THE TAIL FORMED?

Comets have been known to mankind since eons, hence it cannot be said that comets were discovered by any single individual. A comet, like planets and asteroids, orbits around the sun — with fee orbital period varying from a few years to thousands of years. A comet is formed of rock, ice, dust and a few frozen gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. When a comet is close to the sun, the radiation from the sun causes the volatile matter in the comet to vaporize and spread out into space in the form of its tail, its dust particles and ions glowing due to sunlight falling on it.

WHAT IS HAY FEVER AND WHY IS IT SO CALLED?

Hay fever is a form of allergy belonging to a group of maladies including hives, asthma and skin problems caused by protein sensitization.During certain seasons, many plants, grasses release their pollens into the air in large quantities. A person is said to have hay fever when he/she is sensitive to these pollens and other substances present in the air. It is called hay fever because the symptoms of the disease appear during spring and fall in England.

HOW IS THE HEIGHT OF WATER TIDES PREDICTED?

As astronomical data is not sufficient to calculate tides, predictions are also based on actual tidal measurements in many areas, over ah extended period. A network of tide stations is equipped to take the following measurements every six minutes: tide levels, wind speed and direction, water current speeds, directions, air and water temperatures and barometric pressure. Stations that provide these daily predictions are called reference stations. Other stations are subordinate stations, which obtain predictions by applying a specific formula to this data. The formula is derived by observing how tides at the two stations related to one another in the past.

HOW DO SOLAR CELLS CONVERT SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY?

Solar cells use photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight directly into electricity by converting photons (light particles) into electrons (negatively charged particles). Photovoltaic cells are made of semiconductors and silicon, mixed with other material.

WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD COCKTAIL?

The word cocktail was used in 1806 and is of American origin. Bartenders would drain the dregs of all the barrels and mix them together, serving the resultant muddle at a reduced price. Cock was another name for spigot, and tailings is the last bit of alcohol, so this drink was called cock-tailings, quickly shortened to "cocktail".

WHAT IS A CUSHION ACCOUNT?

It is an account a person sets aside which has no demands of monthly expenses on it, and is used as an emergency or luxury fund. A few business people set aside cushion funds to help their business grow, and for stability. The word 'cushion' is used as it gives a certain level of comfort to the person.

WHAT IS MAGIC SAND?

Magic sand is water-repellent sand available in blue, green and red colours. When this sand in powder form is sprinkled on water, it sinks and forms a solid substance. This property is used to separate oil floating in the oceans — it can be sprayed on oil spills to enable it to mix with oil and take solid form. It is also used by utility companies in Arctic areas as it never freezes.

IF LEAVES GET THEIR COLOUR FROM CHLOROPHYLL, WHAT GIVES FLOWERS THEIR COLOUR?

Plant cells have cell organelles known as plastids, which are colouring agents. There are three types of plastids — chloroplasts (contain green pigment chlorophyll), leucoplasts (white or colourless plastids) and chromoplasts (contain other pigments). All cells have varying proportions of these. Flowers have a majority of the third type and get their colours from these.

HOW IS A MOCKTAIL DIFFERENT FROM A COCKTAIL?

Cocktail is a style of mixed drinks, and usually contains one or more types of liquor and mixers, such as bitters, fruit juice or herbs. Mocktail is a non-alcoholic cocktail. Mocktail is also know as 'virgin cocktail'.

WHAT IS A MINSKIAN PONZI DEAL?

The Minskian Ponzi deal was a theory propounded by American economist Minsky, in 1986. Such deals are both unsustainable and hazardous. In Minsky's view, periods of economic and financial stability lead to a lowering of investors' risk aversion and a process of releveraging. Investors borrow excessively and push asset prices excessively high. In this process, there are three types of investors/borrowers. First, sound or hedge borrowers who can afford to pay on their own. Second, speculative borrowers who can only service interest payments out of their cash flows. Finally, there are Ponzi borrowers who can service neither interest nor principal payments, and need to keep on refinancing their debts.

WHAT DOES THE MONTH OF RAMZAN SIGNIFY?

Ramzan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. Muslims fast for the entire month. They are obliged to abstain from all food, drink, tobacco and conjugal relations from dawn till sunset. The spiritual aspects include refraining from gossiping, lying, slandering and all such traits of bad character. The month of Ramzan is a time for spiritual reflection, prayer, recitation of the Quran, doing 'Zikr', endurance and selfdiscipline, to train the soul and body to be able to exercise self-restraint.

WHO IS A SEXER?

A sexer is a professional in a hatchery who can tell a male chick from a female. Also known as chick sexers, they are employed to separate the genders as hatcheries have different feeding programmes for them: females are reared to lay eggs and males are bred for their meat. Big hatcheries sex chickens as they have no use for male birds who are killed almost immediately. A sexer is trained to tell the chicks apart by their physical appearance and vents.

WHAT IS A SINKING FUND?

It is a fund set aside as a means to repay funds borrowed through a bond issue. The issuer makes periodic payments to a trustee who retires part of the issue by purchasing the bonds in the open market. Rather than the issuer repaying the entire principal of a bond issue on the maturity date, another company buys back a portion of the issue annually, and usually at fixed par value or at the current market value of the bonds, whichever is less. From the investor's point of view, a sinking fund adds safety to a corporate bond issue: with it, the issuing company is less likely to default on repayment.

WHY IS A SWINE FLU MASK CALLED N95?
Respirators or N95 masks can block 95% small particles that contain the H1N1 virus, which causes swine flu. These are expensive and can be used only for a single day. These masks are made of three layers of electrostaticallycharged microfibres, that block 95% particles, thus the name N95.
WHAT IS CLAYTRONICS?

Claytronics is an emerging field of engineering, drawing on nano technology and computer engineering. Claytronics or programmable matter refers to an assemblage of tiny components called claytronic atoms or catoms, which could assume the form of any object, depending on the programmes controlling the claytronics. This term also refers to the art of making clay caricatures of public figures, begun in 1996 by an Indian, Charuvi Agrawal.

WHAT DOES 'TROPICALIZED' ON A RADIO SET SIGNIFY?

Heat and humidity are the greatest enemies of any electrical equipment, so in tropical countries, such equipment is manufactured to withstand those climatic conditions. In a radio set, tropicalized means coating the electrical windings with resin, sealing the speaker hole with acoustically transparent cloth, installing" felt washers on the control knobs, and sealing openings for the antenna and earth connections.

WHAT IS A GRASS SKIRT?

A grass skirt, also called a hula skirt, is a traditional part of the dress worn by hula dancers on tropical islands. It is made of long blades of grass, most popularly seen on the island of Hawaii. Grass skirts are also worn in many cultures and tribes in Africa, like the Zulu tribals.

WHAT IS WHITE NOISE?

Noise that is produced by combining sounds of different frequencies together is called white noise. Since it contains all frequencies, white noise is used to mask other sounds. When two or three people talk, our brain can distinguish the sound of a particular person. But if a crowd cheers in a stadium, no individual voice can be identified. That's white noise and is most effectively used in the emergency siren.

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL MELANISM?

It is caused when the natural environment of an organism is disturbed due to industrial pollution. As pollutants like soot and smoke darken the landscape, they disturb the environment of many organisms that rely on camouflage to avoid predation. This change makes them vulnerable to predators and creates a strong selective pressure due to which an organism with a darker colour is more likely to survive.

WHAT ARE BATHOLITHS?

Batholiths are enormous masses of igneous rock made up of once-molten material solidified below the earth's surface. These are usually made of granite and extend over thousands of miles. A well known batholith is located in the Sierra Nevada range of California, across 40,000 sqkm.

WHAT IS THE TATE?

The Tate is an art gallery originally titled the National Gallery of British Art. It is situated on Millbank in Pimlico, London. It was founded in 1897 by Henry Tafe with money earned from his sugar refineries. It was initially a collection of British art, concentrating on the works of Victorian painters. It later expanded to include foreign art and in the 20th century became principally a gallery devoted to Modernism. There are several other recently-opened Tate Galleries' in England, but the original gallery is now called Tate Britain.

WHO ARE STAGS IN THE STOCK MARKET?

An investor or speculator who subscribes to a new issue, expecting the price of the stock to rise immediately. upon the start of trading is known as a stag. The sole aim of a stag is to sell the shares soon after allotment to realize a quick profit.

WHAT IS A GREEN COLLAR JOB?

A green collar job involves working to better the environment, and is created by firms and organizations whose mission is to improve environmental quality. Work could include policies related to waste, energy and water conservation, solar energy, whole home performance and strengthening local food systems. These jobs are generated by sectors that produce goods which may need a green angle, like energy retrofits to improve conservation, constructing green buildings, composting, landscaping etc.

WHAT IS RASTAFARIANISM?

The Rastafarian movement originated in Jamaica in 1930s, based on the philosophies of Marcus Mosiah Garvey. Today, it has branched out, including groups that still hold Garvey's beliefs and groups that have disavowed his more controversial stances. His organization's aim was to unite black people (Negroes) with their rightful homeland, Africa. He prophesied about his people being redeemed by a future Black African king. This prediction was fulfilled in November 2, 1930, when Ras Tafari Makonnen was crowned King of Ethiopia.

WHAT ARE WIDGETS?

Widget, literally, is a blend of window and gadget, coined by George S Kaufman in his play 'Beggar on Horseback'. It is a hypothetical manufactured good or product. In computing, the term has become frequently used to refer to objects on a computer screen the user interacts with. A widget is anything that can be embedded within a HTML page. Widgets often take the form of on-screen tools like clocks, event countdowns etc.

WHY DON'T TWO-WHEELERS HAVE A REVERSE GEAR?

A regular motorcycle has a 'sequential' manual transmission, meaning you can only shift up or down one gear at a time. It is also designed to spin one way only. Adding reverse would require the crankshaft to spin backwards, or a much larger, heavier, expensive transmission. So it is easiest to dismount and push the bike backwards.

WHAT IS A DUM DUM BULLET?

It is an expanding bullet designed to grow on impact, increasing in diameter to limit penetration and/or produce a larger diameter wound. There are many expanding bullet designs though the most commonly encountered are hollow-point bullet and the soft-point bullet. Such bullets are Sometimes known as 'dum dum' bullets. After an early British example pro- duced in the Dum Dum arsenal, near Kolkata, India, there were several expanding bullets produced by this arsenal for the .303 British cartridge.

WHO ARE STILT FISHERMEN?

Stilt fishing is an old tradition practised by around 500 fishing families in Galle, in southwestern-most Sri Lanka. These fishermen usually fish at sunset, noon and sunrise, with each one taking an elevated position and balancing about 2 metres above the wa- ter. The stilts are dug into the coral and bed of the sea. Stilt fishing started after the Second World War.

WHAT ARE SIN STOCKS?

They are stocks of companies which manufacture or deal with cigarettes, alcohol, weapons and sex-related products. They could be directly involved in the business or associated with such activities. Such companies are also called sin businesses.

WHY DOES SNOW LOOK WHITE BUT WATER IS COLOURLESS?

Snow is a block of individual ice crystals arranged together. When a light photon enters a layer of snow, it goes through an ice crystal on the top, which changes its direction slightly and sends it on to a new ice crystal, which does the same thing. Basically, all the crystals bounce the light all around, so that it comes right back out of the snow pile. It does the same thing to all the different light frequencies, so all colours of light are bounced back out. The 'colour' of all the frequencies in the visible spectrum combined in equal measure is white, so this is the colour we see in snow.

WHAT IS THE FULL FORM OF AK-47 AND WHAT DOES 47 REFER TO?

AK-47 stands for Russian Avtomat Kalashnikova 1947 (Automatic Kalashnikov 1947). Designed by Russian Mikhail Kalashnikov, it was the assault rifle used by most Eastern Bloc countries during the Cold War. The rifle was adopted and standardized in 1947, thus the name.

HOW IS THE TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES CALCULATED?

The earth has 360 imaginary lines called longitudes or meridians running vertically between the poles. Each of these longitudes is called a degree. The 0 degree longitude passing through Greenwich, near London, is considered as standard and the time of all other time zones are calculated accordingly. The time difference between each longitude (each degree) is 4 minutes. So if it is 12 noon at Greenwich (0 degree), it would be 12:04 pm at 1 degree meridian and so on. In India, the standard meridian is 82-and-half degree. So the time difference between Greenwich and India is 82.5 x 4, which is 330 minutes (5 hours 30 minutes).

WHAT IS LAISSEZ FAIRE?

Laissez faire is a French phrase and means to let things pass. The term is used to describe an economic system where the government intervenes as little as possible and leaves the private sector to organize most economic activity through markets. Classical economists were great advocates of a laissez faire system.

WHAT IS THE FREIMARKT?

Freimarkt means free fair. It was first held on October 16, 1035, in Bremen, Germany. It is the biggest festival in Northern Germany, with more than four million visitors each year. It is celebrated for 17 days in the last two weeks of October. The area covers approximately 100,000 sqm on two areas: the 'Kleiner Freimarkt' (Small Free Fair) on the market square. It is famous for its beer tents and amusement rides. An annual highlight is the 'Freimarktsumzug' (Free Fair Procession).

HOW ARE ULTRA-VIOLET RAYS BLOCKED BY THE OZONE LAYER?

The ozone layer contains ozone molecules — 03 molecules — which are formed by the action of ultra-violet rays on atmospheric oxygen. This oxygen, which is 02, converts into 03 when UV rays fall on it. When these rays fall on the surface of the atmosphere, they are absorbed in the conversion of oxygen into ozone. As a result, ultra-violet rays are blocked by this ozone layer.

HOW IS THE TEMPERATURE OF A STAR MEASURED?

As stars are very far away, their temperatuce cannot be measured directly. Fortunately, the light coming from stars can be analyzed through several scientific instruments. Although all stars appear white, they have different colours when carefully viewed. The variations are a result of their temperature — cold stars appear red, and hot ones blue or white. The colour of a star is measured by an instrument called photoelectric photometer, which involves passing the light through different filters and finding the amount that passes through each filter. The measures from the photometer are converted to temperature, using standard scales.

WHICH IS THE WORLD'S LONGEST STORYBOOK?

Marcel Proust's A La Recherche Du Temps Perdu' (translated as In Search of Past) is the world's longest novel, according to the Guinness World Records. The influential 13-volume work contains 9,609,000 characters, with each letter and space counting as one character.

WHY DOES A FALLING OBJECT HAVE NO WEIGHT?

Every body on this earth is attracted by the gravitational pull of the earth. A freely falling object has weight W=mg, where W-weight, m-mass of the object and g-acceleration produced due to the earth's gravity An object kept in a lift which falls freely, weighs zero on the weighing machine, but its actual weight is still mg. This happens because the normal reaction force exerted on the object in the lift is equal to zero, and normal force equals to mg, which in turn equals the weight of the object.

WHAT IS THE REOG DANCE?

It is a spectacular dance with several dancers wearing bright, colourful costumes, accompanied by merry music. It is always held in open terrain, such as a square, street etc. This dance is a traditional art form combined with a magical show or trance dance. The Reog dates back to the Hindu period in East Java in Indonesia.

WHAT IS CROWD MINING?

Crowd mining is a new business concept where solutions can come from crowds, and marketers are turning to them as a database. The changing economy brought in this concept to tap expensive or even unavailable information and it goes beyond surveys and crowd sourcing.

WHAT IS OCTOBER HEAT?

The weather in the month of October in the Indian sub-continent is called 'October heat'. By the beginning of October, the monsoon withdraws from the northern plains. October and November form the period of transition from the hot rainy season to dry winter conditions.

WHAT IS AWACS?

AWACS stands for Airborne Warning And Control System that helps the Air Force detect incoming missiles and enemy aircraft from across the country's border. AWACS is described as an 'Eye in the Sky' as it can carry out surveillance at about 400-km range under all-weather situations, and to lock on to 60 targets at a time simultaneously.

WHAT IS THE SCHWARZSCHILD RADIUS?

It is a characteristic radius associated with every quantity of mass. This term is used in physics and astronomy, especially in the theory of gravitation and general relativity. m 1916, Karl Schwarzschild obtained an exact solution to Einstein's field equations for gravitational field outside a nonrating, spherically symmetric body. The solution contained a formula, where one of the values came to be known as Schwarzschild Radius.

WHO WERE THE IRON CHANCELLORS?

A hundred years ago, Germany was divided into many small states. In one of these states, Prussia, the chancellor or chief minister to the king, was Otto Von Bismarck. A strong and ruthless man, Bismarck built Prussia into the strongest of all German states. He got his nickname of 'The Iron Chancellor' when he said Germany could become a great power "through blood and iron".

HOW IS THE HEIGHT OF DIFFERENT PLACES ON EARTH MEASURED FROM THE SEA LEVEL?

The height of different places on earth is measured with the help of the 'altimeter'. It is basically a barometer without the mercury, and instead of instead of the pressure graduating in a barometer, the corresponding height graduates.

WHAT IS CRAB FOOTBALL?

Crab soccer (American English) or crab football (British English) is an informal sport for two teams. Unlike soccer, players support themselves on their hands and feet and face up, in motions that make them look like crabs, a method known as crab walking. This sport involves kicking, so safety is at the root of many rules. Like soccer, players other than the goalkeeper must not touch the ball with their hands.

HOW DOES A MOBILE VIBRATE?

There is a little motor fitted in a cell phone. This motor is unevenly weighted on its output shaft. When this motor rotates, the rotating uneven weight causes the mobile to vibrate.

WHAT IS TELEPRESENCE?

Telepresence is the next-gen videoconferencing technology, which provides superior images. The demand for telepresence solutions has grown, with companies seeing it as an alternative to send executives for meetings. It also reduces a company's carbon footprint by cutting down frequent flying. Setting up a telepresence suite can be very expensive, though.

HOW IS THE MASS OF HEAVENLY BODIES MEASURED?

The mass of a heavenly body can be measured by knowing the orbital period (time it takes to complete one orbit around the other body), the distance between two bodies and gravitational constant. The orbital time is inversely proportionate to the square root of the sum of the masses of two bodies and directly proportion distance raised to power three by two.

WHAT IS AN ELECTRON GUN?

It is a device in the back of a "cathode ray tube" television or computer monitor (pre-plasma or LCD flat-panel). The electron gun fires a stream of electrons from the back of the TV onto the inside face of the screen, which is coated with a material that glows when hit by electrons. By using powerful magnets to direct the stream across the screen, a series of dots ('pixels') is built over the screen which appears as an image.

WHO INVENTED THE SPEECH BUBBLE AND WHEN WAS IT FIRST USED?

One of the earliest antecedents to the modern speech bubble was the speech scroll — wispy lines that connected first person speech to the mouths of 'speakers in Meso-American art. In Western graphic art, labels that reveal what a figure is saying have appeared even in the 13th century Word balloons began appearing in 18th century printed broadsides and political cartoons from the American Revolution often used them.

WHY ARE CELLPHONES SWITCHED OFF WHILE FLYING?

Mobile phones are radio transmitters and as such, were banned from use in civilian airplanes, for fear they could interfere with airplane avionics. There was also concern that a cellular phone would cause disruption to the cell systems' towers, and distract passengers during take-off and landing.

WHAT IS A DIRTY BOMB?

A dirty bomb is a simple explosive device used not so much to produce extensive damage but to contaminate a designated spot with radioactive material. It's primary role is to spread fear.

WHAT IS THE PEKING OPERA?

The Peking Opera, which originated in the late 18th century, is a synthesis of music, dance, art and acrobatics. It is the most influential of all operas in China, and can be divided into 'civil' pieces characterized by singing, and 'martial' ones featuring acrobatics and stunts. Some operas are a combination of both. The operatic dialogues and monologues are recited in the Beijing dialect.

WHAT IS A PINK ELEPHANT?

The term 'pink elephant' is used to describe something obvious and uncomfortable, but which obody wants to talk about. At the workplace or in business communications, it is something that is buried under the carpet when things go wrong. It refers especially to a situation of unhealthy relationships between women colleagues — one woman may try to bully the other women out of rivalry to stay in control. Broaching such a topic may be embarrassing to all, so it is called a "pink elephant in the room".

WHY IS AN ATOM SPHERICAL IN SHAPE?

The shape of an atom refers to the shape of the imaginary volume in which its electrons orbit. Different electrons orbit at different levels. The shape of the atom depends on several factors, including the angular momentum of electrons. Only the simplest atoms have a spherical shape. Heavy atoms have a more complex shape.

WHAT IS INCOGNITO BROWSING?

It is used for browsing in stealth mode, for a situation when we don't want our history to be tracked. Web pages that are opened and files downloaded while browsing incognito are not logged in the browser.

WHAT IS MICRO-PROPAGATION?

Micro-propagation is the technique of multiple production of plants in-vitro. It is used for plants that do not produce seeds or respond to normal vegetable reproduction. Micro propagation's main advantage is to produce disease-free plants in multiple numbers and cloning of plants.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF H2O2 IN THE GREY-HAIR PUZZLE?

New research shows that hair turns grey as a result of a chemical reaction that causes it to bleach itself inside out. When there is a dip in levels of an enzyme called catalase, hydrogen peroxide (H202) that naturally occurs in hair can't be broken down. As H202 builds up, the hair becomes grey.

WHO MADE THE FIRST ICE CREAM IN THE WORLD?

The origin of ice cream can be traced to the 4th century BC. Early references include Roman emperor Nero who ordered ice to be brought from the mountains and combined with fruit toppings, and King Tang (AD 618-97) of Shang, China, who had a method of creating ice and milk concoctions. Ice cream was brought from China back to Europe.

WHAT IS 'SMART ANTENNA' TECHNOLOGY?

This is a new technology in the field of wireless and mobile communications in which capacity and performance are usually limited by two major impairments — multipath and co-channel interference. A smart antenna enables a higher capacity by reducing multipath and co-channel interference. This is achieved by focusing the radiation in the desired direction and adjusting to changing traffic conditions.

WHAT IS THE GOLLIWOG ACT?

The golliwog act is a flexible contortion of the body in a dance form to create an impression that the contortionist is a doll. The name is taken from a literary character created by Florence Kate in her novel The Adventures of two Dutch Dolls and a Golliwog'.

WHAT IS A 'CASH AND CARRY STORE' AND WHY IS IT SO CALLED?

A cash and carry store is different from regular retail chains which target professional customers rather than end-consumers. This concept is based around self-service and bulk buying arid serves registered customers only. The core customer groups are hotels, caterers, traders and other business professionals. Such stores aim to prevent any intervention by middlemen and requires buyers to make their own arrangements and assume all risk.

HOW DOES HAIR GEL WORK?

The main ingredient in hair gels is a plastic called PVP, which is a polymer sealer. The polymers in PVP are dissolved in water or alcohol and form a clear film between each hair strand, attaching them to one another. Chemical experts call this "capillary power" because it's similar to how blood capillaries work. When gel is applied to wet hair, the PVP or similar ingredient absorbs water quickly. When the gel dries completely, it forms a fixed connection between hair strands.

WHAT IS A WORMHOLE?

A wormhole is a theoretical entity allowed by Einstein's theory of general relativity in which spacetime curvature connects two distant locations (or times). The term 'wormhole' was coined by American theoretical physicist John A Wheeler in 1957, based on an analogy of how a worm could chew a hole from one end of an apple through the centre to the other, thus creating a shortcut through the intervening space.

WHAT DOES MIRROR IMAGE MEAN IN BIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY?

Mirror image is a concept from chemistry applied to organic materials. An example of this is glucose arid fructose. These molecules are mirror images of each other. Although it is possible to flip glucose and superimpose it over a fructose molecule, only in 2D (flat viewing) are they similar.

WHAT IS A 3-D FILM?

A 3-D film is any visual presentation system that attempts to maintain or recreate moving images of the third dimension, the illusion of depth as seen by the viewer. It involves filming two images simultaneously, with two cameras, filming at 90 degree angle via mirrors. When viewed in such a way that each eye sees its photographed counterpart, the viewer's visual cortex will interpret the pair of images as a single three-dimensional image. Modern computer technology also allows for the production of pseudo-SD films using CGI and without the need for dual cameras.

WHAT IS SWEETHEARTING?

Sweet hearting is a method cashiers use to pass on goods to friends by failing to bill one. They do so by passing two items, and obscuring the barcode of one, so it goes unnoticed. Now, there are machines to pick out sweet hearting.

WHAT ARE MANGO SHOWERS?

Mango showers are those experienced prior to the arrival of the monsoon. These showers arrive generally in late April and May and are said to aid in the ripening of mangoes and from dropping prematurely from trees.

WHAT IS TERMINATOR GENE TECHNOLOGY?

The terminator gene is a specific genetic sequence inserted by scientists into a seed's DNA that renders the seed and the crop it produces sterile. Patented by the USDA and Delta and Pine Land Co., now owned by Monsanto, this terminator technology has no agricultural or economic benefits for farmers or consumers.

WHY IS THE FLAME OF A CANDLE POINTED?

The flame of a candle is produced when the wax of the candle melts due to heat and the molten wax rises in the wick. As the heated gas rises above from the base of the flame, it moves faster as the pressure decreases from the base to the top. As the rate at which the gas is released from the base is more or less constant, the flame becomes thinner and thinner from its base to the end, assuming a pointed tip.

HOW DID THE ABBREVIATION DR FOR DOCTORS ORIGINATE, AND WHY DO ENGINEERS NOT USE ER?
The abbreviation originated to separate people qualified to practice medicine from those holding the highest academic degree i.e. doctorate in nonmedical subjects. In USA, only dentists and vets are called doctors. Physicians and surgeons do not put 'Dr' before their names. Engineers, at least in India, put 'Er'.
WHAT IS A FLIPBOOK?

A flipbook is a small book with a series of printed images that create the illusion of motion when its pages are rapidly flipped. Typically, a flipbook is held in one hand while the thumb of the other flicks the pages and the user concentrates on the middle of each page. It relies on a basic optical principle known as persistence of vision. In India, flip books were popular in the seventies, when cola majors brought out flip books of cricketers in action.

WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF FORMULA I?

Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or Fl, and currently officially referred to as FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Fidiration Internationale de 1'Automobile (FIA). The 'formula' in the name refers to a set of rules that all participants and cars must comply with.

WHAT ARE GTOR-MA CAKES?

Gtor-ma cakes are sacrificial cakes used in Tibetan Buddhist ceremonies as offerings to deities. The unbaked cakes are prepared by kneading parched barley flour and butter into cones. The cakes form part of the phyi-mchod, or eight offerings of external worship.

WHAT IS DIGITAL CLEANSE?

Digital cleanse is a term mooted by John Mayor, musician and avid blogger and tweeter, as a resolution and challenge for the first week of 2010. It means keeping off all digital contraptions — a stop to emailing, texting, social networking, blogging and surfing sites. It is seen as a new health craze, considered good for the body and mind. The basic idea is to unplug and meet people.

HOW DOES THE HYBRID ENGINE WORK?

Hybrid engines use two or more power sources. They consist of a usual fuel engine, complemented by a pollution-free engine, an electric engine for example. The fuel engine and brakes are used to recharge the batteries for the electric engine, eliminating the need to plug in while unused. When brakes are applied, some of the energy being used to stop the vehicle is collected by the regenerative brakes of the electrical engine. Hence, the electrical engine takes control when cruising, stopping or slowly acclerating, reducing the use of fuel.

WHAT IS THE AURORA PHENOMENON?

Charged particles ejected at great speeds from the sun ionise the air molecules resulting in spectacular colour display. These are seen from polar regions and are called aurora or polar lights. It is the luminous phenomenon of earth's upper atmosphere that occurs primarily in high latitudes of both hemispheres; aurorae in the northern hemisphere are called aurora borealis, or northern lights; aurora australis, or southern lights in the southern hemisphere.

WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE TERM 'SLAP-STICK COMEDY'?

The term 'slapstick comedy' is given to comedy characterized by broad humour, absurd situations and vigorous chases, often violent in action. The phrase comes from the term battacchio called the 'slap stick' in English. It is a club-like object composed of two wooden slats, and produces a loud smacking noise when struck, though little force is transferred to the person being struck. Slapstick comedy became popular in 19th-century music halls and Vaudeville theatres.

HOW AND WHEN DID THE TERM 'SIZE ZERO' COME INTO USE?

'Size zero' was first used in 1966 for British supermodel Twiggy, who had a fragile figure. Now, 'size zero' is a women's clothing size in the US system, equivalent to a UK size 4, with a waist measurement of 23 inches, the average girth of an 8-year-old girl. It is a petite size for women with a 32-inch bust, 23-inch waist and 32-inch hips, and is often linked to anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

HOW DOES THE 'MADRAS EYE' SPREAD?

Madras eye is the inflammation of the outermost covering of the eyeball and inner layer of eyelid. Medically, it is known as 'conjunctivitis'. It can be caused by various agents like bacteria, virus, wind, smoke, pollen, radiation or chemical agents. If a person comes in close physical contact of the infected person or his infected belongings, the bacteria or virus gets transmitted and thus, causes infection from person to person.

WHY DOES THE ORTHODOX CHURCH CELEBRATE CHRISTINAS ON JANUARY 7?

The Orthodox Church uses the old Julian calender which is 13 days behind the Gregorian calender. In the former Soviet Republic, the Bolsheviks adopted the Gregorian calender at the end of 1917, which put them in line with the rest of the Western world. However, the Orthodox Church, opposed to the Bolsheviks trying to suppress religion, kept the Julian calender.

WHAT IS COSMOPHOBIA?

Cosmophobia is an irrational fear that the world is about to end, and is sparked off by a belief among people that a cosmic end is near. The fear is ancient, and people have been readying for doom on and off — expecting floods, earthquakes, epidemics, drought, or even a collision with another planet. The latest bout was set off by the movie 2012, where the Mayan calendar counts December 21, 2012 as the last day Earlier, the 2000 millennium frenzy had everyone believe that the end was near. For ages now, there have been apocalyptic predictions which have fuelled cosmophobia, but until now, they have all come to nought.

WHAT IS AN ELEPHANT PEARL?

Elephant pearls are not really pearls, however, they are categorised as one of the nine pearls. These are produced in the heads and the sockets of the tusks of some elephants. It was believed that when worn by kings, they proved highly sanctifying and bestowed children, victory and sound health. Even now, they are considered to bring good luck.

WHAT IS A 'BANANA KICK' IN FOOT-BALL?

Banana kick is a checkside punt — a kicking style used in Australian Rules and rugby league football. When kicked, the ball bends away from the body and is usually used when a set shot for goal is lined up on a narrow angle. The banana kick comes off more from the inside of the boot, with the ball spinning in the same direction as the leg swings naturally.

WHAT IS THE ORACLE OF DELPHI?

The Oracle of Delphi was the most important oracle in the classical Greek World, and a major site for the worship of the god Apollo. Built around a sacred spring, Delphi was considered to be the omphalos — the centre of the world. Scholars congregated at Delphi, and it became a focal point for intellectual enquiry Delphi lies on the slopes of Mount Parnassus in Greece.

HOW MANY FLOWERS MUST A BEE TAP TO MAKE A POUND OF HONEY?

A bee taps 2 million flowers and flies 50,000 miles (80,000 kms) to make one pound (454 gm) of honey — traveling more than twice around the world to gather it. The basis of calculation is done after taking many facts for granted and the proof is often lost in the mists of time. C R Ribbands (1949) determined that one bee can visit several hundred of flowers for a load of sweet clover, and up to 1,100-1,446 flowers for a load of limantnes nectar.

WHAT IS THE SPHINX AWARD?

There are several types of Sphinx awards. The most popular one is given by Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity forcontribution to social service. President Stephen C Ainlay of Union College recently received the Sphinx Award from the brothers of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity for his contributions to the Union community. Another Sphinx Award is given in Coventry for outstanding performance in the local soccer league.

WHAT IS A GRAMMY SALUTE?

Grammy awards are presented annually for outstanding achievements in music. There is a week-long function called the Grammy Week, culminating in the Annual Grammy Awards. The rest of the week is marked by several connected events, of which the Salute To series is a part. Each of the Salute To events features a reception, presentation of a special merit certificate and guest performances.

WHEN DID THE PRACTICE OF THE HANDSHAKE BEGIN?

The origin of the handshake goes back to primitive eras: the physical contact of the hand symbolized peace and friendship. Later symbolism of the gesture, apart from a greeting, was the ratification of a contract or pledge. Even today, we clinch a contract or business deal by 'shaking hands on it.' Archaeological ruins and texts show the handshake was in use as a means of greeting as far back as the 2nd century BC.

WHAT IS THE BOXING DAY MATCH AND WHAT IS ITS ORIGIN?

The Boxing Day match is a cricket match hosted in Melbourne, Australia, and Victoria, involving the Australian cricket team and the opposition national team touring Australia at that time. It begins on Boxing Day (Dec 26) and is played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Boxing Day is so called as traditionally, it was the day when people would give a present or Christmas 'box' to those who worked for them throughout the year. These days, the 'box' is usually given before Christmas.

WHAT IS BAS-RELIEF?

Bas-relief is a French term meaning 'low-raised work.' A relief is a sculptured artwork where a modelled form is raised. There are three types of reliefs — 'bas-relief or low relief, 'high relief and 'sunken relief.' Bas-relief is suitable for scenes with many figures and other elements such as a landscape or architectural background. Stone carving and metal casting is traditionally done in bas-relief.

HOW DO ODI TEAMS CHOOSE THEIR COLOURS?

There is no hard and fast rule about choosing cricket colours. In most cases, the country adopts colours from their nationa

About the Author

please

I got a ?? about the interiort lights ( gear shift)?

Hello I have a 99 firebird trans am formula so the problem where the gears r drive reverse etc.. the lights have went out. Is this a fuse problem or something more serious can I self fix it. thanks

it could be a fuse, but it sounds like the bulb has burn out, you might have to remove or loosen your console to get to it.

kovic fixed gear Movie Free & Easy

Resident Evil 5 - Walkthrough
Resident Evil 5 (X360) Resident Evil 5, PC

Comfort Hole Gel

Dan — Sun, 08 Aug 2010 19:29:20 +0000

Comfort Hole Gel

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Lelli Kelly Shoes: The Real Deal For Your Princess

Lelli Kelly shoes are made in Italy to meet the high European standards in expressing fun and style; Lellikelly line of shoes only caters for the young girls needs. The shoes are detailed in colour and spirit combined with sparkle and fashion that will make your young princess unique distinguishing her from the pack. Despite their origin being in Italy, they have grown to command great demand all over the world with multiple shops yearning to put them on their catalogue. The availability of these kids shoes in different sizes and style have made them the first choice for girls of all ages globally.

Qualities that make the Lelli Kelly shoes great

i) Their prices are great compared to other shoes; most of the shoes come in prices that are between twenty and a hundred pounds. This range of pricing allows majority of mothers to afford different pairs for their girls depending on the need.

ii) The shoes also come with great variety to choose from; their catalogues has sandals, boots, rain wear, school wear, classic, baby classic, cold , fashion, newborn, rain boots, snow wear, slippers and sports. They also come in different colours that will make the child wear them comfortably in school, during sports and in any playground.

iii) Each pair of the Lelli kelly shoes comes with free gifts packages of such things as nail stickers, mobile phone bag, and magic doll lip gloss among others. These gifts will make your young girl happier and pride the shoes you buy for her.

iv) The shoes come with great quality and comfort making your little girls feet comfortable all day. All the materials used in these shoes meet the high European standards; the inner sole is perforated to let the air circulate freely while the outer sole is very light and antiskid.

v) All the components of Lelli Kelly shoes follow the high European quality standards. The inner sole is made of real perforated leather while the outersole is fine, light, fully-antiskid with air holes.

vi) The girl's feet is kept dry all day by the latex technology used where the innersole absorbs the feet perspiration and turns it into a gel.

The Latex Foam Technology in Lelli kelly shoes

This innovation has been developed due to the growing needs of the health and comfort of the girl child. The latex foam is inserted below the inner leather sole to absorb the moisture keeping the feet fresh and dry all the day. The feet or body heats initiates the release of the refreshing and odour absorbing agent which is able to absorb moisture to over 150% times the latex foam weight. The technology works as following;

* The perforated pure leather innersoles drives away the feet perspiration to the under sole.
* Anti-bacteria agent in the latex foam stops the odour causing bacteria action
* The latex foam them absorbs the moisture and turns it into a gel away from the girls feet
* The perforations let the absorbed moisture to escape all throughout the day.

The Lelli kelly shoes are one of the best kids shoes that you will ever find in the market for they meet are the requirements that are demanded for the girls' shoes. Comfort, quality, style and fashion characterize every girl's life.

About the Author

The site has a wide range of Lelli kelly shoes that will interest most of the young girls. It offers variety, style and fashion that will enhance your girl's identity. It will also give you the kids shoes for all occasions and events hence kidsshoesdirect is the shop for your young girls.

What are the different types of breast implants and how safe are they?

Pikmin 2 - Walkthrough
Pikmin 2 (GCN) Pikmin 2

Portable Torch Flashlight

Dan — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 22:44:17 +0000

Portable Torch Flashlight

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The Freeplay Plus Alternative Power Radio features a 4-way power system that enables operation anywhere and anytime. It's great for outdoor use and at times of emergencies. Flexible power sources include: Power your radio and light by hand winding up the Freeplay's generator; Set the radio in the sun and use its built-in solar panel; Charge the built-in rechargeable battery pack with the optional AC adapter; Stores the excess power from the wind-up generator, solar, and AC in its built-in rechargeable battery pac 6-Foot long retractable reel AC cord Built-in speaker Convenient rotary controls Unit Size - 11 W x 8 H x 8 D Unit Weight - 5 Pounds Includes built-in rechargeable battery pack (fully charged battery will operate radio up to 40 hours) An Absolute Must for any Home Emergency Kit

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Waterproof Torches: The Best Boat Light

Whether you're spending time on the water in a boat, raft, canoe or inner-tube it is always a good idea to have a handheld light easily accessible. You can never predict what circumstances may cause your plans to keep you out past dark. In most areas, a working light is mandatory on all vessel, large boats as well as canoes and kayaks. While large ships and boats require strong, spotlights as well as handheld flashlights, a compact, portable waterproof flashlight is perfect for a smaller vessel.

Waterproof Flashlight Must Haves

There are a number of aspects to consider when looking for a good waterproof flashlight to keep on board your vessel.

Size: A waterproof flashlight should be easy to carry and access at any time. Avoid bulky handheld lights you are apt to leave at home rather than take with you on a small boat. If possible, have two lights, one small one that you can attach to your life jacket or fishing vest and a larger one that is tied into the boat.

Directional: Large sailing vessels utilize stationary mounted boat lights to handle their emergency light needs. If you are in a smaller vessel you are going to want a handheld flashlight that can be easily aimed in a direction quickly. Even large vessels should have several torches easily available in addition to mounted lights.

Easy-To-Use: Find a flashlight or waterproof torch that is simple to operate. If it has multiple light beam settings, make sure the transitions can be made easily in an emergency.

Durable: Make sure that the casing and construction of the torch itself can handle the ruggedness of river rafting, boating and any emergency that may occur in that environment.

A well-constructed waterproof flashlight is exactly the kind of light that can provide the reliability you will need. LED (light-emitting diode) waterproof torches can also provide more energy efficiency, longer battery and bulb life than regular incandescent bulb lights. These LED lights are slightly more expensive to buy than a traditional flashlight, but the longer battery and bulb life will save you significant dollars in the long-run.

Extra Flashlight Features

Waterproof flashlights can serve many different purposes, especially if you purchase a light that has multiple colors, brightness variation, and flashing features. Different colored lights can serve several purposes. A red light can be used to signal boats in case of an emergency. A blue light can help you preserve your night vision if alone on the water and a green light can help attract fish during night fishing. A waterproof torch with a flashing light feature can be used as a signal beacon. Other handheld lights have a dimmer or focus switch that allows you to create a wider beam of light to scan an entire lake or a narrow beam to focus out on a distant place downstream. These are all useful features to have at your fingertips while on the water.

Whether you're boating, rafting, canoeing, or kayaking, you should always carry an emergency light with you that can hold up to the conditions a watery adventure can bring about.

~Richard McNeal, 2009

About the Author

Richard McNeal writes from his home in Portland, OR. Check out
Coast LED product reviews
to better understand the benefits of a
quality handheld waterproof light
in practical situations.

flashlights may be equipped with a ultaviolrt ball. I want to take scorpions at night and the brightness of the UV radiation?

So I need a flashlight source.preferably ultraviolet lamp.

UV filters are available for most flashlights and high quality scientists lamps. cost, however, offer opportunities to supply scientific and industrial have a laptop (flashlight) fluorescent lamps UV work much better. validation work lamps also changes.

Rabbit Torch Flashlight Radio

Torch Flashlight Bright

Dan — Thu, 22 Jul 2010 23:46:19 +0000

Torch Flashlight Bright

Bike Bicycle Rear Safety Flashlight 5 LED Light Torch

US $2.90

11d 17h 1m

5 LED Bike Bicycle Rear Safety Flashing Light Torch

US $2.90

14d 5h 10m

White LED Head Bike Light Rear Safety Flashlight Lamp

0 Bid

US $.99

15h 20m

CREE LED Flashlight Torch Bike Light 5 LED Rear Light

US $11.99

29d 46m

	MFlare Ultrabright Tactical Luxeon LED Aluminium Flashlight Torch Baton - 210 Lumens with Rebel 90 Super Bright LED List Price: $69.99 Sale Price: $39.99
	At 210 Lumens on the high setting, this is one of the most powerful flashlight on the market. The Luxeon Rebel 90 white LED is the latest version of such power LED with great white light output. This flashlight is about the same size as a Mag-lite with 3 D cells but 10 times or more brighter...

	CREE Q5 LED Flashlight Torch w/ Holster Super Bright! Sale Price: $16.00
	CREE Q5 LED Super Bright Flashlight w/ Holster 3 modes 240lum The flashlight is made with metal and magnesium alloy material. Thickness, hardness and texture are considered excellent. The 240 lumen CREE LED Q5 head has high brightness, high beam stability and light color close to natural light, which will help to identify the true color of an object...

	"ABC Products" - Bright Effects ~ 150 watt Tubular Halogen Light Bulb (Mini Candelabra Base) Sale Price: $3.95
	50-Watt - 120-Volt tubular halogen bulb ~~ Bright white light - Pendant lights - Clear bulb ~~ Mini candelabra base ~~ For accent light, display lighting, task lighting ~~ Halogen bulbs offer substantial engery saving and expanded light over standard bulbs ~~

	CREE Q5 LED Flashlight Torch w/ Turf Bike Holder and Belt Clip Super BRIGHT!!!! List Price: $54.99 Sale Price: $22.99
	CREE Q5 LED Flashlight w/ Holster (3 modes 240lum) Package includes: One Flash Light, one bike holder and one belt clip. The flashlight is made with metal and magnesium alloy material. Thickness, hardness and texture are considered excellent...

	"ABC Products" - Bright Effects ~ 50 Watt - Pendent Halogen Light Bulb (G8 Pin Type Base) Sale Price: $5.37
	High quility halogen bulb 120 volts ~~ G8 pin type base ~~ 50 watt bright white light ~~ For pendant lights ~~ Offers subtantial savings over standard bulbs ~~ Ideal for accent lighting, display lightingand task lighting.

	CREE Q5 LED Flashlight Torch w/ Holster and Bike Holder Super BRIGHT!!!!7 List Price: $49.99 Sale Price: $19.99
	CREE Q5 LED Flashlight w/ Holster (3 modes 240lum) Package includes: One Flash Light and Holster. The flashlight is made with metal and magnesium alloy material. Thickness, hardness and texture are considered excellent...

(8) TACTICAL TORCH FLASHLIGHT COMBO LED SWAT ~BRIGHT!~
Sale Price: $50.99

You will receive (8) LED Industrial Grade Flashlights, BULK pack Fireman Red, Stealth Blk, Titanium Color and Navy Blue The body of our flashlights are made of durable metal alloy The bulb lasts 30 years! High Intensity 8 LED beams Perfect for Night Vision & Signaling The beam can be seen from miles away They use 3 regular AAA batteries (not included) They are well-built, durable with seals on both ends There is a toggle on-off switch on the back of each unit The length is 3 3/4", diameter is 1 1/8"

	MFlare Ultrabright Tactical Luxeon LED Aluminium Flashlight Torch Baton - Zoom Focus Beam, 1000 Lumens with 7 x Rebel 90 Super Bright LEDs - Extra-Long 17 Inches! List Price: $399.99 Sale Price: $158.99
	At 1000 Lumens on the high setting, this is one of the most powerful flashlight on the market. The Luxeon Rebel 90 white LED is the latest version of such power LED with great white light output. This flashlight is about the same size as a Mag-lite with 4 D cells but 10 times or more brighter...

	51 LED Super Bright Flashlight 2 Mode Black Torch Sale Price: $5.99

	Bell & Howell Super Bright 32 LED Flashlight List Price: $14.99 Sale Price: $14.90
	32 LED Flashlight

Led Flashlight Warning, Will You Get Everything You Need In The Package?

CREE and LED flashlights have revolutionized the industry, unfortunately that hasn't extended to batteries and how they're powered.

So what's the big deal about CREE LED flashlights anyway？

There are various benefits of using LED flashlight bulbs manufactured by CREE. Let us discuss some of these advantages in detail.

- CREE LED can be used for producing flashlights, which are environment-friendly, energy-efficient and hence reduce the costs of maintenance and save your bills. A study has shown that CREE LED flashlights are able to reduce up to 62% of the power demands.

- CREE LED uses up to 85% of the energy consumed by traditional incandescent light bulbs. This is because of the reason that most of the energy consumed by incandescent light bulbs raises the heat and hence the surface of torch becomes hot.

- CREE LED flashlights are able to save significant amount of energy, because they last for longer time as compared to traditional incandescent light bulbs, and hence wastage of energy is negligible.

- CREE LED flashlights do not contain any harmful material such as mercury and hence it is safer to use.

- CREE LED uses the technology called solid-state technology, which allows effective dimming and hence eliminated flickering of light.

- The quality of light produced by CREE LED is higher as compared to the traditional incandescent light bulbs and bulbs produce the colored light as well.

Unfortunately, unlike incandescent bulbs the batteries for LED flashlights need to be replaced before before they have even worn out. You cannot predict when they are going to finish, and sometimes they finish in the middle of some important work, which can be little frustrating.

As a result, having a rechargeable power source like rechargeable batteries and a charger is a great idea.

And while some electronics suppliers are able to provide it not all do so.

While this is not the end of the world it can prove vexing for resellers, with customers being so picky about getting a fully-working gadget will all the necessary accessories.

So, whenever you are shopping for new LED flashlights sources it is important to ask that you will be getting everything you need.

While buying LED flashlight, remember to ask for the rechargeable batteries and charger with it. If you are planning to buy a LED flashlight, you must do research online to find out the best deal.

Discover the best source of cheap LED flashlights online. Visit Chinavasion.com today or paste this link into your browser: http://www.chinavasion.com/index.php/cName/security-equipment-led-flashlights/

About the Author

Rose Li is the PR Manager for Chinavasion, China's premier dropshipper for wholesale consumer electronics

I need some help buying a torch?

I want to buy a very bright torch for my car. I think I want a flashlight??
But I don't know what I'm looking for interms of specs and watts ect..

Can anyone help me?
What are the details of a "good" torch?

The intensity of the light output from a flashlight is measured in Candle-power (also called candelas). The higher the Candle-power, the brighter it will be. If you're going to be using it from your car, you should probably get a 500,000 candle-power flashlight or more; this is from my experience. I owned a rechargeable 500,000 candle-power flashlight and it shined bright enough from the car to light up a house. Most flashlights have the candlepower rating on the box.

You're probably going to want a rechargeable flashlight, in which case you'll want it to have lithium-ion batteries. The voltage and wattage of the flashlight will depend on its candlepower.

Super Bright LED Torch / Flashlight From Japan

Lock Grips Pack

Dan — Thu, 01 Jul 2010 17:33:58 +0000

Lock Grips Pack

ODI Oury Lock On Grips Bonus Pack with Lock Ons Black

US $26.09

28d 8h 22m

ODI Rogue Grips Lock On Bonus Pack with Lock Jaws

US $24.29

24d 16h 4m

Lizard Skins Peaty Lock On Grips Bonus Pack Graphite

US $21.59

26d 8h 22m

Lizard Skins Peaty Lock On Grips Bonus Pack Black

US $23.39

28d 8h 22m

ODI Ruffian LTD ED Lock On Bonus Pack Handlebar Grips

1 Bid

US $1.52

20h 17m

ODI Ruffian Lock On Grips Bonus Pack w Lock Jaws Green

US $26.99

29d 17h 40m

ODI Oury Lock On Grips Bonus Pack with Lock Ons White

US $26.09

29d 8h 40m

Lizard Skins Lock On Grips Logo Bonus Pack Lock Jaws

US $21.59

26d 10h 22m

Lizard Skins Charger Grips Lock On Bonus Pack Black

US $22.49

27d 8h 22m

Oury Red Lock on Mtb Grips with Clamps Bonus Pack

US $28.93

3d 22h 15m

Lizard Skin Locking Grips Bonus Pack White 130mm

0 Bid

US $5.00

2d 13h 50m

ODI Ruffian Grips Lock On Replacement Shorties 90mm

US $14.39

22d 14h 22m

OURY BLACK LOCK ON MTN GRIPS WITH CLAMPS BONUS PACK

US $31.93

3d 11h 51m

ODI Ruffian BMX Lock On Grips Bonus Pack 130mm

US $21.59

4d 8h 22m

XXF DOUBLE SIDE LOCK ON GRIPS NEW IN PACK RED

US $9.99

12d 15h 27m

	Safety 1st 48386 Grip 'n Go Cabinet Lock 2 Pack List Price: $4.59 Sale Price: $2.72
	Safety 1st 48386 Grip 'n Go Cabinet Lock 2 PackSafety 1st 48386 Grip 'n Go Cabinet Lock 2 Pack Features:; Cabinet lock; Features a Secure Tech?« lock indicator to let you know when it's locked; Just slide the button for easy removal; 2 per card

	Oury Lock-On Grip Bonus Pack (Black) List Price: $34.00 Sale Price: $19.50
	Oury Lock-On grips. Features: Bonus pack includes, grips, Lock Jaws, and end plugs Lock-on grips are made by ODI

	Opteka Battery Pack Grip / Vertical Shutter Release for Canon EOS 20D, 30D, 40D & 50D Digital SLR Cameras with 2 BP-511 Batteries. List Price: $0.00 Sale Price: $69.95
	Opteka is proud to be allowed to use the same factory and mold as Canon uses for their BG-E2N. Opteka is one of the world's leading producer of high-performance batteries and accessories. Opteka believes there is no limit to the potential of portable powe

	Lizard Skins Logo Lock-On Black Bonus Pack List Price: $27.50 Sale Price: $26.99
	Lizard Skins Logo grips

	Jergens 19820 Spinner-Grip Flange Lock Nut, Zinc Plated, 1/4-20 (25-Pack) Sale Price: $5.75
	Spinner-Grip Flange Lock Nuts are the latest innovation in locking nuts. Free Spinning installation eliminates the need to "wrench" the nut down the thread. Please click here to watch a product demonstration

	ODI Intense Lock-On Grips - Bonus Pack Red/Black, 130mm List Price: $26.95 Sale Price: $16.17
	Slide on, lock in, and go fast. The ODI Intense Lock-On Grips are your first-class ticket to butt-clinching drops and high-speed downhills. Featuring a 210-degree flange and half-waffle pattern to keep your digits from slipping off your bars?a really bad scenario at 35 mph...

	ODI Ruffian Single Speed Lock-On Grips - Bonus Pack Black, 130mm List Price: $19.95 Sale Price: $15.96
	Lock-on the ODI Ruffian Sing Speed Grips to the wide-ass bars of your SS and run an assault on your favorite trails. A full flange means you can?t use this grip with shifters?so don?t even think about it...

How to Hold a Golf Club - Tips That Can Improve Your Golf Swing Easily!

If you want to know how to hold a golf club, keep reading for some great tips!

Are your golf clubs packed away in your garage or attic just waiting for you to take them out on the course? Luckily, it is now spring and it is golf season. The great thing about golf is that you get a new chance to have a better season. Forget all about last season and concentrate on improving your game.

A key rule when learning how to hold the golf club is: make sure that you are not too focused on form; it is also a lot about comfort. When you set up to the ball, make sure the face of the club is open to the ball. Now, the way you hold the club depends on if you are a righty or a lefty. If you are right handed, you will want to grip the club with your left hand first. Make sure that you leave some room at the top of the club so about a half inch or so of the grip is showing. Now place your right hand on the club so that your pinky, middle, and ring finger are all covering the thumb of your left hand. Make sure you grip it tightly but make sure that you are not over gripping it. If you are a lefty, just switch hands.

When you swing the club, try to have as little wrist movement as possible. Your left thumb should be flush with the club and be pointing straight toward the club head. This will ensure that your wrists are locked when swinging.

Most people who golf decide to use a golf glove. This is because it helps with your grip so that you are not squeezing the life out of the club. It can also allow you to test out different hand positions so you can find the one that is most comfortable for you. No matter what kind of shot you are taking, a proper grip will provide a great improvement in your game.

The clubs that you buy are everything. If the clubs are not the right size you will have a horrible shot every time. A good rule to follow is that the club should go up to your waist when you are standing up straight. Also remember to keep your head down while swinging and your shot will be sure to improve.

About the Author

For more golf tips visit:

How to Hold a Golf Club

How much is my gun worth?

I was wondering what is the best price to sell my gun for. I have a smith and wesson sigma 9ve i bought in jan 09. it has a hogue grip and picattiny rail.three magazine i will also include the case and lock for gun. along with two hundred rounds of winchester whitebox value pack ammo. and and extra 50 rounds of reloaded 9mm. i want to buy my wife her wedding ring so how much do you think i can get. its in used but good condition. ive shot maybe a 1000 rounds at the most. i also live in san antonio tx if that matters

According to the most recent Gun Digest Modern Gun Values the Sigma is worth:

New - $500
Perfect - $450
Excellent - $375

The gun, after 1000 rounds, plus the ammo and magazines could probably bring you around $300.

Grab detergent pack (Becker Lock Grip hand)

Origin III selections: You had your say
The series may be over, but selections for State of Origin III remain hotly contested on both sides of the border. This is what foxsports.com.au users had to say on selections.

Digital Camera Cycling

Dan — Sat, 26 Jun 2010 03:28:34 +0000

Digital Camera Cycling

Bike Bicycle Cycling Handlebar Mount Holder for Camera

2 Bids

US $1.04

3h 28m

Bike Bicycle Support Mount Holder for Digital Camera

US $1.00

29d 14h 54m

Belt Bike Mount Holder Support Digital Camera Cycling

US $14.99

20d 13h 39m

Bike Bicycle Cycling Mount Holder for Digital Camera

US $1.00

20d 21h 56m

Bicycle Bike Mount Holder For Digital Camera Cycling

US $5.96

27d 13h 37m

Bicycle Bike Support Mount Holder for Digital Camera

US $3.98

21d 11h 38m

Bicycle Bike Mount Holder For Digital Camera Cycling

US $4.46

8d 4h 23m

Campagnolo Record 10 Speed Cassette 11 23

2 Bids

US $10.50

5d 23h 5m

Motorcycle Bike Bicycle Mount Holder for Digital Camera

US $4.26

11h 27m

Types of digital camera batteries and camera batteries how to maintain

Digital camera need to maintain the normal operation of the battery. In general, a digital camera can be used dry batteries, alkaline manganese batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium ion batteries and lithium batteries as its power source.

Alkaline Battery

This ACER BATCL50L Battery is very easy to buy in the market, get the 5th battery, without their special materials and technological transformation, digital cameras use batteries over the bottom of the product. Because the market wide, so you need not worry about the price of this battery, but also because technology common, its power supply and staying power far inferior to several other cells than. Sometimes, it's electric start not enough to bring a digital camera, and even digital cameras will have an impact.

Ni-MH battery

This battery is an early alternative to nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries compared to Ni-MH battery has a more noticeable advantage. It greatly reduces the existing nickel-cadmium battery "memory effect", which makes nickel-hydrogen battery is more convenient, more long cycle life (up to 1000). In addition, the NiMH battery also has a high capacitance, large depth of discharge, overcharge and over discharge and short charge time obvious advantages. The most important thing is not to use nickel-hydrogen battery of toxic heavy metals as a material that can eliminate its impact on the environment. Meanwhile, the electrical properties of nickel-cadmium batteries with the similar, in practical application can replace Ni-Cd battery without any transformation of the camera.

Of course, the nickel-hydrogen battery is not perfect, there also exist some disadvantages. Its relatively poor high temperature properties, temperatures above 45 degrees Celsius and 0 degrees Celsius under low temperature environment, the nickel-metal hydride battery will not work, or simply not start the camera. Moreover, this battery of self-discharge rate is relatively high, and depositing a period of time will find it's power Mingxianjianshao, Haiyou one is there Nie hydrogen Dianchi Ye Qing Wei memory effect.

Lithium Battery

Lithium ion battery prices higher, but it is light weight, large capacity, energy density advantages, compared with the nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium ion batteries are relatively portable, but the energy is higher than 60%. For this reason, lithium-ion battery production and sales are increasingly more than nickel-metal hydride batteries, a digital camera is one of the main use of the battery. In addition, the lithium-ion battery is almost no "memory effect" and the advantages of non-toxic substances is also an important reason for its widespread application.

Lithium-ion batteries and lithium battery technology status, performance are better, just slightly higher price, to use also more stress, complexity, especially lithium-ion battery charger must be "special", it can not charge the battery with other compatible. Alkaline manganese batteries, although the unit price is low, consumers can afford, but its short life, long-term use for the average consumer can hardly bear the cost. In contrast, Ni-Cd batteries, Ni-MH battery is more mature in manufacturing technology, the price more reasonable battery.

If you are using does not match or do not pay attention to save the battery, the battery will take a few photos in when you do not run out. The following approach can save battery usage: first, to avoid using unnecessary zoom operation; second, to avoid the frequent use of flash, flash is a big power, we try to avoid using; Third, to adjust better to use the viewfinder when the picture composition device, and do not use the LCD. Because most digital cameras are due to open the LCD viewfinder and consume more power, turn it off can increase two to three times the battery standby time; Fourth, minimize the use of multi-shot. Most digital cameras feature continuous shooting fuselage built-in cache to use for temporary storage of digital photos. If you frequently use the cache, then the power is very much needed. Therefore, reducing the use of continuous shooting and video shooting video on the saving of HP PAVILION ZV5000 Battery.

About the Author

Canon MV901 I would like to record hands free on a cycling trip. Is there an accessory which will allow this ?

I'd like to know if anybody has done this by having the recorder attached to the bike frame or carried in a bag with a mini camera or remote lens mounted on the handlebars or helmet. My camera has three connections on the side - AV, MIC and DV. The DV connection is used for copying video between digital video devices. Does this mean I could connect a small webcam or something similar to allow me to record while cycling ? Is a webcam a digital video device in this context ? Any help or advice including sources of accessories/equipment would be much appreciated.

Your best bet would likely be to get a tripod mount for your bike and mount the camera there, like this one:

http://www.jakeludington.com/photography/20051110_diy_bicycle_camera_mount.html

Or there's also this one:

http://www.jakeludington.com/photography/20060310_mounting_a_camera_to_your_bike.html

A Bicycle Ride in France: August 2008 (part one)

World News
Jets collide at airport - Yesterday, 14:48 - PA Two passenger jets collided on the ground at Prague's Ruzyne airport when as they were preparing for take off today. An airport spokeswoman said...

Dupont Power Cordz

Dan — Mon, 21 Jun 2010 17:20:04 +0000

Dupont Power Cordz

2009 PowerCordz 12 mm Cable Shift MTB Road System

US $59.00

19d 22h

IO DuPont POWER Cordz CableCasing Set Brake Shim Cam

US $56.00

17d 21h 54m

IO DuPont POWER CordZ Brake clasps 6mm

US $9.50

28d 21h 38m

NEW PowerCordz 14 mm Road Brake System

US $59.00

25d 16h 56m

IO DuPont POWER CordZ Brake Clasp Shimano M6 6mm

US $8.95

24d 17h 55m

Record Ultra Torque

Dan — Sun, 20 Jun 2010 20:55:39 +0000

Record Ultra Torque

New 2010 Campagnolo Record 11spd 8 Piece Group

US $1,699.00

25d 2h 13m

CAMPAGNOLO RECORD UT 170 Carbon Bike Crankset 39x52 NEW

0 Bid

US $349.99

1h 41m

Campagnolo Record UT Ext Bottom Bracket Cups English

1 Bid

US $21.95

19h 3m

Campagnolo Super Record 11 Group set 8 pc Groupset NEW

US $1,795.00

27d 19h 58m

New Campagnolo Record Chorus 10 speed 39t chainring

3 Bids

US $38.25

1d 10h 14m

New Campagnolo Record Chorus 10 speed 53t chainring

0 Bid

US $36.43

1d 10h 15m

Campagnolo RECORD ULTRA TORQUE BB Overboard Cups ENG

US $25.98

19d 16h 33m

2011 Campagnolo Super Record 11 Group set 8 pc Groupset

US $2,345.00

28d 22h 57m

Campagnolo Record 10 speed 53 39 170mm Crankset

1 Bid

US $1.00

2d 24m

TOKEN CERAMIC Lite Racing Cassette 11 23 Campagnolo

0 Bid

US $139.00

2d 5h 14m

OMNI Racer Ultra Lite Crankset Chainring Bolts RED

US $14.95

26d 22h 10m

2010 Campagnolo Bora One Carbon Wheelset Wheels NIB

US $1,699.99

26d 21h 19m

Campagnolo Record Carbon UT 10 Spd 175 Crankset Cranks

13 Bids

US $102.50

3d 1h 38m

CAMPAGNOLO RECORD BOTTOM BRACKET BB CUPS

US $19.96

27d 19m

Campagnolo Chorus 11s 8pc Groupset Brand New

US $1,149.99

24d 3h 41m

	Campagnolo Record Ultra-Torque English Cup Set List Price: $45.99 Sale Price: $34.42
	Campagnolo Ultra-Torque BB cups. For use with Ultra-Torque split spindle cranksets only. External cupset only Spindle and bearings installed on crankarms Compatible with Campagnolo Ultra-Torque and Fulcrum Racing Torq cranksets Overboard cupset only...

	Campagnolo Super Record Ultra-Torque BB cup set, 68mm-English List Price: $40.00 Sale Price: $44.50
	For Campagnolo cranks utilizing the Ultra-Torque, Hirth joint bottom bracket spindle system. Bearings are installed and included with crankset, these are the threaded crank/bearing-to-frame interface cups...

	Campagnolo Record Ultra Torque 170 Carbon 39-53 List Price: $759.99 Sale Price: $674.95
	Campagnolo Record Carbon Ultra-Torque crank sets with integrated bottom bracket is the most technologically advanced version of the Ultra-Torque system. The oversize axle system with outer cups is combined with a carbon fibre structure which is completely hollow internally...

	Campagnolo Super Record Ultra Torque Compact Carbon 170mm 34-50 Crankset List Price: $0.00 Sale Price: $645.00
	Campagnolo Super Record Carbon Compact 11-Speed Cranksets use unidirectional and multidirectional carbon fiber in the Ultra-Hollow structure which gives the cranks rigidity and lightness. Arm Length: 170...

	Campagnolo Record Ultra-Torque Carbon 11-Speed 170mm 39-53 Crankset List Price: $870.00 Sale Price: $708.91
	Campagnolo Record 11-Speed Ultra Torque Cranksets represent the balance between the passion for cycling and advanced technology. Requires 11-speed derailleurs, cogset, and chain Record cranks use ceramic bearings All Ultra-Torque cranksets use the external cupset All outer chainrings feature ramps and pins *Ultra-Torque splines attached to each arm...

	Campagnolo Super Record 11 Ultra Torque Bottom Bracket Italian, One Size List Price: $49.95 Sale Price: $40.50
	Product FeaturesMaterial: CeramicSize: 68mm, 70mmWeight: [62mm] 52g; [70mm] 48gRecommended Use: CyclingManufacturer Warranty:

Campagnolo Super Record Ultra-Torque Compact Carbon 172.5mm 34-50 Crankset
List Price: $839.29
Sale Price: $809.09

Campagnolo Super Record Carbon Compact 11-Speed Cranksets use unidirectional and multidirectional carbon fiber in the Ultra-Hollow structure which gives the cranks rigidity and lightness. *Super Record cranks use CULT technology ceramic bearings and races *Ultra-Torque BB spindle halves attached to each arm *All Ultra-Torque cranksets use the external cupset *All outer chainrings feature ramps and pins *Requires 11-speed derailleurs, cogset, and chain...

	Campagnolo Record 11 Ultra Torque Bottom Bracket English, One Size List Price: $49.95 Sale Price: $49.95
	Cranking it up to 11? Well then, you?re going to need the Record 11 Ultra Torque Bottom Bracket Cups to lovingly cradle your ceramic bearings. The CULT ceramic bearings are already installed on the cranks, so these little gems are the missing link you need to finish off that sweet new Campy Crankset...

	Campagnolo Record Ultra Torque Compact Carbon Crankset Campy (175mm 34/50) Sale Price: $599.96

	Campagnolo Super Record 11 Ultra Torque Bottom Bracket Italian, One Size Sale Price: $44.50

Mercedes presents new hybrid ML 450

The new ML 450 HYBRID is the first full hybrid from a European manufacturer and was specifically developed for the North American market. Other debuts at the Mercedes-Benz press conference at the NYIAS include the facelifted U.S. version of the GL-Class, the sedan and the coupe versions of the new Mercedes-Benz E-Class, which are celebrating a double U.S. premiere in New York, and the latest high-performance sedan to come from the Mercedes-AMG performance brand - the E 63 AMG.

All of these new models offer safety, comfort and driving pleasure at the very highest levels and are distinguished by their exceptional efficiency. The ML 450 HYBRID consumes almost 50 percent less than the ML550, although it boasts over 90 percent of the maximum power generated by the V8 model.

"It is our clear objective to make every model generation better in every respect. We pay particularly close attention to safety, comfort, efficiency and environmental compatibility - something clearly demonstrated by every single one of the models we are presenting in New York," says Dr. Klaus Maier, Head of Marketing and Sales for Mercedes-Benz Cars.

One clear example of this is the new E-Class, which was launched very successfully onto the European market at the end of March.

"At its market introduction, we already had over 50,000 orders - a fantastic result in such tough times as these," continues Dr. Maier. "This proves that it is possible for an automaker to overcome a crisis when it offers attractive and desirable products - and Mercedes has plenty of those."

With the new four-cylinder engines offered in the European line-up, the ninth generation of the E-Class is up to 23 percent more fuel efficient than its successful predecessor, which commanded a market share of up to 30 percent within the business sedan segment. That this is also possible on the U.S. market is demonstrated by the Vision E 250 BlueTEC presented by Dr. Maier.

Vision E 250 BlueTEC - the most fuel-efficient and cleanest diesel technology
For this concept, Mercedes engineers have combined the all-new four-cylinder diesel engine with BlueTEC, the technology of the world's cleanest diesels. The outcome is the most fuel-efficient and cleanest diesel model in this vehicle class.

With a range of up to 18.86 km/l, it achieves a fuel efficiency that is better than most hybrid vehicles on the U.S. market. Thanks to highly effective exhaust gas treatment, the E 250 BlueTEC fulfills the U.S. Bin 5 and ULEV emissions standards, which are among the toughest in the world. At the same time, the four-cylinder offers a level of engine refinement and performance on a par with that of a six-cylinder, thanks to its high torque 500 Nm, seven-speed automatic transmission and Lanchester balancing shafts.

The new E-Class arrives on the U.S. market with the latest V6 and V8 gasoline engines - the E 350 (268 hp, 350 Nm) and the E 550 (382 hp, 530 Nm). These are complemented by the ground-breaking, 50-State compliant E 350 BlueTEC (210 hp, 542 Nm). All three engines are fitted as standard to the 7G-TRONIC 7-speed automatic transmission and boast further improvements in fuel efficiency.

New E-Class Coupe - powerful elegance and dynamic performance

The new E-Class Coupe boasts the same technology as the sedan version. Mercedes-Benz has created a special highlight its model range with the powerfully elegant design of the two-door coupe, while continuing a tradition that has repeatedly aroused enormous passion throughout the history of the E-Class.

The new E-Class Coupe is a very special combination of emotion and efficiency. With the classic coupe profile unhindered by a B-pillar and with fully retractable side windows, the new two-door provides a particularly sporty interpretation of the dynamic design of the new E-Class. At the same time, the most aerodynamic variant sets a new record in wind resistance. With a Cd value of 0.24, the coupe is the world most aerodynamic series production car.

ML 450 HYBRID - four-cylinder fuel consumption with eight-cylinder power

The ML 450 HYBRID is equipped with the latest in hybrid technology, which offers exceptional efficiency in both urban stop-and-go traffic and unhindered highway driving at increased engine loads and higher speeds.

Ernst Lieb, CEO and President of Mercedes-Benz USA says, "The intelligent control of the hybrid driveline automatically selects the optimum drive configuration. Depending on conditions, the ML 450 HYBRID can operate entirely on electric power or on the combustion engine alone or on a combination of both drives."

The performance figures for the ML 450 HYBRID (335 hp, 516 Nm) are at the level of a classic eight-cylinder SUV with permanent all-wheel drive. "Yet, its fuel consumption and its emissions are up to 60 percent lower," continues Ernst Lieb. Conceived specifically for the North American market, the ML 450 HYBRID achieves highway gas mileage of 10.2 km/l, making it the most efficient vehicle in its segment.

Classified as a SULEV (Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle), the SUV complies with the strictest current U.S.emissions standard. At the same time, the ML 450 HYBRID guarantees a refined driving experience combined with increased driveline comfort with a system output of 335 hp and an overall torque of 516 Nm. The powertrain is controlled fully automatically, meaning that the driver can concentrate on the traffic and enjoy the driving experience of the ML 450 HYBRID without additional operational effort.

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Nurburgrin Nordschleife circuit lap record 6:55 !!

Invention through movement – Master Compressor Extreme LAB 2
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